1813: Abraham is born and is considered the father of the Jewish people.

1713: Abraham forms a covenant with God and promises him and his descendants the land of Israel.

1280: Moses is born and delivers the people of Israel from Egypt (1300 BC).

1020-1000: King Saul becomes the first King of Israel.

1004-965: King David reigns and declares Jerusalem as the capital.

965-930: King Solomon, King David's son, constructs the first Temple.

930: Israel is divided into two kingdoms, Judea and Israel.

722: The Assyrians conquer Israel and force them to disperse (AKA the a first Jewish diaspora).

586: Nebuchadnezzer (Babylonians) conquer Israel from the Assyrians and destroy the Temple built by King Solomon.

539-450: King Cyrus conquers Israel from Babylon. During his reign, he allows Nehemiah and Ezra (Hebrews) to begin rebuilding the temple.

167-63 BC: The revolt by the Hasmonean Dynasty, and later by his son, Judah the Maccabees (Jewish), gained temporary control of Israel and Judah. During this time they continue rebuilding the temple. 

63 BC-135 AD: Romans conquer Israel. Rome rules the land of Israel.

37 BC-4 AD: Under Roman Rule, King Herod (40 AD) is declared the Jewish King, along with other Roman leaders.

18-20 BC: During the Herodian rule of King Herod, the Temple is reconstructed and completely rebuilt.

70 AD: A Jewish revolt against Rome caused the Romans to destroy the temple (​remains of the wall exist until this day on the western side of temple).